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    • 专利摘要:
    TRANSPARENT GLASS PLATE WITH AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE COATING The present invention relates to a transparent glass plate, comprising at least one transparent substrate (1) and at least one electrically conductive coating (2) on at least one surface of the transparent substrate ( 1), wherein - the electrically conductive coating (2) has at least two functional layers (3) arranged on top of each other, and each functional layer (3) comprises at least. an anti-reflective layer (4),. above the anti-reflective layer (4), a first compatible layer (6), e.g. above the first compatible layer (6), an electrically conductive layer (7), and - at least one anti-reflective layer (4) disposed between two electrically conductive layers (7) comprises at least. a layer of a dielectric material (9) with a refractive index less than 2.1, e.g. a layer of a highly refractive optical material (10) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1.
    公开号:BR112014011760B1
    申请号:R112014011760-8
    申请日:2012-10-04
    公开日:2021-01-19
    发明作者:Klaus Fischer；Sebastian Janzyk；Marcus Neander；Christoph Schmitz；Virginie Moreau
    申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a transparent panel with an electrically conductive coating, a method for its production, and its use.
    [0002] The field of view of a motor vehicle panel, in particular a windshield, must be kept free of ice and condensation. in the case of motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine, a stream of air heated by the heat of the engine, for example, can be directed towards the window.
    [0003] Alternatively, the window may have an electric heating function. From DE 103 52 464 A1, for example, a composite panel is known in which electrically heated wires are placed between two panels. The specific heat capacity P, for example, of approximately 600 W / m2, can be adjusted by the ohmic resistance of the wires. Because of the design and safety aspects, the number of wires as well as the diameter of the wires must be kept as small as possible. The wires must not be visible or must be difficult to perceive in daylight and at night with the headlight illuminated.
    [0004] Electrically conductive, transparent coatings are also known, in particular based on silver. Such electrically conductive coatings can be used as coatings with reflective properties for the infrared range or even as heatable coatings. WO 03/024155 A2 discloses, for example, an electrically conductive coating with two layers of silver. Such coatings usually have sheet resistances in the range of 3 ohm / square to 5 ohm / square.
    [0005] The specific heat capacity P of an electrically heated coating with a squared sheet resistance, an operating voltage U, and a distance h between two distribution bars can be calculated with the formula P = U2 / (Square * h2 ). The distance h between two distribution bars is, in typical passenger car windshields, approximately 0.8 m, which corresponds to approx. at the height of the panel. In order to obtain a desired specific heat capacity P of 600 W / m2 with a sheet resistance of 4 ohm / square, an operating voltage U of approximately 40 V is required. Since the motor vehicle integrated voltage is usually 14 V, a power source or voltage converter is required to generate an operating voltage of 40 V. A voltage increases from 14 V to 40 V is always associated with losses power line and additional costs for additional components.
    [0006] US 2007/0082219 A1 and US 2007/0020465 A1 disclose electrically conductive, transparent coatings with at least three layers of silver. In US 2007/0082219 A1, sheet resistances close to 1 ohm / square are reported for coatings based on the three layers of silver. An operating voltage U = 14 V, a square sheet resistance = 1 ohm / square and a distance h = 0.8 m produce a specific heat capacity P of approximately 300 W / m2.
    [0007] In order to provide an adequate specific heat capacity P, for example, of approximately 500 W / m2, in particular for heating relatively large panels, a further reduction in the sheet resistance of the electrically heated coating is essential. This can be achieved with an electrically heated coating, typically with three layers of silver by increasing the thickness of the individual silver layers. However, an excessive layer thickness of the silver layers results in inadequate optical properties of the panel, in particular with respect to transmittance and color appearance, such that legal regulations, as specified, for example, in ECE R 43 (“Uniform Provisions concerning the Approval of Safety Glazing and Composite Glass Materials ”), cannot be fulfilled.
    [0008] Suitably low foil strength can also be achieved through the use of four layers of silver in the conductive coating, with the optical properties of the panel meeting legal requirements as a result of lower layer thicknesses of the individual silver layers. . However, applying coatings with four or more layers of silver is technically complicated and expensive.
    [0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transparent panel with an improved electrically conductive coating. The electrically conductive coating must, in particular, have a lower squared sheet resistance compared to the prior art and thus have an improved specific heat capacity P as well as improved reflective properties for the infrared range. The panel must have high transmittance and high color neutrality and be economically productive.
    [0010] The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a transparent panel according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments arise from the subclaims.
    [0011] The transparent panel according to the invention comprises at least one transparent substrate and at least one electrically conductive coating on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, wherein - the electrically conductive coating has at least two functional layers arranged one on top on the other and each functional layer comprises at least - an anti-reflective layer, - above the anti-reflective layer, a first adaptation layer, and - above the first adaptation layer, an electrically conductive layer, and - at least one layer A functional layer includes an anti-reflective layer, which comprises at least - a layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1, and - a layer of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1.
    [0012] If a first layer is disposed above a second layer, this means, in the context of the invention, that the first layer is disposed further away from the transparent substrate than the second layer. If a first layer is disposed below a second layer, this means, in the context of the invention, that the second layer is disposed further away from the transparent substrate than the first layer. The upper functional layer is that functional layer that is at the greatest distance from the transparent substrate. The lowest layer is that functional layer that is at the minimum distance from the transparent substrate.
    [0013] In the context of the invention, a layer can be made of a material. However, a layer can also comprise two or more individual layers of different materials. A functional layer according to the invention comprises, for example, at least one anti-reflective layer, a first and a second adaptation layer, and an electrically conductive layer.
    [0014] If a first layer is arranged above or below a second layer, this does not necessarily mean, in the context of the invention, that the first and second layers are in direct contact with each other. One or more other layers can be arranged between the first and second layers, as long as this is not explicitly discarded.
    [0015] According to the invention, the electrically conductive coating is applied at least on a transparent substrate surface. However, both surfaces of the transparent substrate can also be provided with an electrically conductive coating according to the invention.
    [0016] The electrically conductive coating can extend over the entire surface of the transparent substrate. Alternatively, however, the electrically conductive coating can extend over only a part of the surface of the transparent substrate. The electrically conductive coating preferably extends over at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70%, and most particularly preferably over at least 90% of the surface of the transparent substrate.
    [0017] The electrically conductive coating can be applied directly to the surface of the transparent substrate. The electrically conductive coating can alternatively be applied to a carrier film that is adhesively bonded to the transparent substrate.
    [0018] Each functional layer of the electrically conductive coating according to the invention includes an anti-reflective layer. The anti-reflective layers effect, in particular, a reduction in reflectance and, thus, an increase in the transmittance of the coating according to the invention in the visible spectral range. At least one of these anti-reflective layers comprises, according to the invention, at least two layers: a layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than that or equal to 2.1. In the context of the invention, an anti-reflective layer is disposed between two electrically conductive layers when at least one electrically conductive layer is disposed above the anti-reflective layer and when at least one electrically conductive layer is disposed below the anti-reflective layer. However, according to the invention, the anti-reflective layer does not make direct contact with the adjacent electrically conductive layers.
    [0019] The reported values for the refractive indices are measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.
    [0020] The particular advantage of the invention resides in the configuration of at least one anti-reflective layer, which comprises, according to the invention, at least one layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and at least a layer of highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1. It has been surprisingly shown that such an anti-reflective layer results in a lower foil resistance of the electrically conductive coating, at the same time, with high transmittance and high color neutrality.
    [0021] Compared with the prior art, by means of the configuration according to the invention of the electrically conductive coating, the thickness of the electrically conductive layers can be reduced with unchanged sheet resistance. The thinner electrically conductive layers result in better transmittance and a more neutral coloring of the transparent panel according to the invention with an electrically conductive coating.
    [0022] The transparent panel according to the invention with an electrically conductive coating preferably has a total transmittance greater than 70%. The term “total transmittance” is based on the process for testing the light permeability of motor vehicle windows specified by ECE-R 43, Annex 3, § 9.1.
    [0023] Electrically conductive coating of the transparent panel according to the invention preferably has a sheet resistance less than or equal to 1 ohm / square, particularly preferably preferably from 0.4 ohm / square to 0.9 ohm / square , most particularly preferably from 0.5 ohm / square to 0.85 ohm / square, for example, approximately 0.7 ohm / square. In this range for sheet strength, advantageously high specific heat capacities P are obtained. In addition, the electrically conductive coating has, in this range for sheet strength, reflective properties particularly good for the infrared range.
    [0024] To increase the total transmittance and / or to reduce the sheet resistance, the transparent panel with an electrically conductive coating can be subjected to a heat treatment, for example, at a temperature of 500 ° C to 700 ° C.
    [0025] It has been demonstrated that the electrically conductive coating according to the invention can be subjected to such a heat treatment without the coating being damaged. The transparent panel according to the invention can also be convex or concave curved without the coating being damaged. These are the biggest advantages of the electrically conductive coating according to the invention.
    [0026] The layer of a highly refractive optical material can be arranged above or below the layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1. The layer of a highly refractive optical material is preferably arranged above the layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1. Thus, a particularly advantageous foil resistance of the electrically conductive coating is obtained.
    [0027] The layer thickness of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1 is preferably from 10% to 99%, particularly preferably from 25% to 75%, particularly preferable from 33% to 67% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer that contains this layer of a highly refractive optical material. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating and the optical properties as well as economical production of the transparent panel according to the invention.
    [0028] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one anti-reflective layer disposed between two electrically conductive layers includes at least one layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a material highly refractive optical with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1. Particularly good results are thus obtained. In the context of the invention, an anti-reflective layer is disposed between two electrically conductive layers when it is disposed between two adjacent electrically conductive layers of the layer sequence.
    [0029] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, each anti-reflective layer disposed between two electrically conductive layers includes at least one layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of an optical material highly refractive with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the foil strength of the electrically conductive coating and the optical properties of the transparent panel according to the invention.
    [0030] The anti-reflective layers disposed between two electrically conductive layers preferably have layer thicknesses from 35 nm to 70 nm, particularly preferably from 45 nm to 60 nm. These ranges for layer thickness are preferred, in particular, for anti-reflective layers that include at least one layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1. Thus, particularly advantageous foil strengths of the electrically conductive coating are obtained.
    [0031] The layer of a highly refractive optical material preferably has a refractive index n of 2.1 to 2.5, particularly preferably 2.1 to 2.3.
    [0032] The layer of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1 preferably contains at least one mixed silicon / metal nitride, particularly preferably at least one mixed silicon / zirconium nitride. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the foil strength of the electrically conductive coating. Mixed silicon / zirconium nitride preferably has dopants. The layer of a highly refractive optical material, for example, may contain a mixed silicon / zirconium nitride doped with aluminum.
    [0033] Mixed silicon / zirconium nitride is preferably deposited by sputtering supported by magnetic field with a target containing from 40% by weight to 70% by weight of silicon, from 30% by weight to 60% by weight zirconium, and from 0% by weight to 10% by weight of aluminum as well as mixtures related to production. The target particularly preferably contains 45% by weight to 60% by weight of silicon, 35% by weight to 55% by weight of zirconium, and 3% by weight to 8% by weight of aluminum as well as related mixtures. with production. The deposition of mixed silicon / zirconium nitride preferably occurs under the addition of nitrogen as the reaction gas during sputtering.
    [0034] However, the layer of a highly refractive optical material can also contain, for example, at least mixed silicon / aluminum nitride, mixed silicon / hafnium nitride, or mixed silicon / titanium nitride. Alternatively, the layer of a highly refractive optical material may contain, for example, MnO, WO3, Nb2O5, Bi2O3, TiO2, Zr3N4, and / or AlN.
    [0035] The layer thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material is preferably from 3.5 nm to 69 nm.
    [0036] The layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 preferably has a refractive index n between 1.6 and 2.1, particularly preferably between 1.9 and 2.1.
    [0037] The layer of a dielectric material preferably contains at least one oxide, for example, tin oxide, and / or a nitride, particularly preferably silicon nitride. The layer of a dielectric material preferably has a layer thickness of 0.3 nm to 63 nm.
    [0038] The electrically conductive layer preferably contains at least one metal, for example, gold or copper, or an alloy, particularly preferably silver or an alloy containing silver. However, the electrically conductive layer may also contain other electrically conductive materials known to the person skilled in the art.
    [0039] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive layer contains at least 90% by weight of silver, preferably at least 99.9% by weight of silver. The electrically conductive layer is preferably applied using conventional metal layer deposition methods, for example, by vacuum methods such as sputtering supported by magnetic field.
    [0040] The electrically conductive layer preferably has a layer thickness of 8 nm to 25 nm, particularly preferably 13 nm to 19 nm. This is particularly advantageous with respect to transparency, color neutrality, and sheet resistance of the electrically conductive layer.
    [0041] The total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers is, according to the invention, from 40 nm to 80 nm, particularly preferably from 45 nm to 60 nm. In this range for the total thickness of all electrically conductive layers, with distances h between distribution bars typical for motor vehicle windows, in particular windshields, and an operating voltage U in the range of 12 V to 15 V, a capacity of specific heat P suitably high and, at the same time, suitably high transmittance are advantageously obtained. In addition, in this range for the total thickness of all electrically conductive layers, the electrically conductive coating has particularly good reflective properties for the infrared range. The excessively low total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers produces an excessively high squared sheet resistance and thus an excessively low specific heat capacity P as well as reduced reflective properties for the infrared range. The excessively high total layer thicknesses of all electrically conductive layers reduce the transmittance through the panel considerably, such that the requirements for the transmittance of motor vehicle windows according to ECE R 43 are not met.
    [0042] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating according to the invention includes at least one smoothing layer in at least one of the functional layers. The smoothing layer is arranged below one of the first adaptation layers, preferably between the anti-reflective layer and the first adaptation layer with at least one functional layer of the electrically conductive coating according to the invention. The smoothing layer is preferably in direct contact with the first adaptation layer. The smoothing layer performs an optimization, in particular smoothing the surface for an electrically conductive layer subsequently applied over. An electrically conductive layer deposited on a smoother surface has a higher degree of transmittance with a simultaneously lower foil resistance.
    [0043] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, each functional layer of the electrically conductive coating includes a smoothing layer, which is arranged below the first adaptation layer, preferably between the anti-reflective layer and the first adaptation layer. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the degree of transmittance of the panel according to the invention and the foil resistance of the electrically conductive coating.
    [0044] The smoothing layer preferably contains at least one non-crystalline oxide. The oxide can be amorphous or partially amorphous (and thus partially crystalline) but it is not completely crystalline. The non-crystalline smoothing layer has low roughness and thus forms an advantageously smooth surface for the layers to be applied on the smoothing layer. The non-crystalline smoothing layer further effects an improved surface structure of the layer deposited directly above the smoothing layer, which is preferably the first adaptation layer. The smoothing layer, for example, can contain at least one oxide of one or more of the elements tin, silicon, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, gallium, and indium.
    [0045] The smoothing layer particularly preferably contains a mixed non-crystalline oxide. The smoothing layer most particularly preferably contains a mixed tin / zinc oxide. Mixed oxide may have dopants. The smoothing layer, for example, may contain a mixed tin / zinc oxide doped with antimony. The mixed oxide preferably has a substoichiometric oxygen content. A method for producing mixed tin / zinc oxide layers by reactive sputtering is known, for example, from DE 198 48 751 C1. The mixed tin / zinc oxide is preferably deposited with a target containing from 25% by weight to 80% by weight of zinc, from 20% by weight to 75% by weight of tin, and from 0% by weight to 10% by weight of antimony as well as mixtures related to production. The target particularly preferably contains 45 wt% to 75 wt% zinc, 25 wt% to 55 wt% tin, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% antimony as well as related mixtures with the production of other metals. The deposition of mixed tin / zinc oxides occurs with the addition of oxygen as the reaction gas during sputtering.
    The layer thickness of a smoothing layer is preferably 3 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably 4 nm to 12 nm. The smoothing layer preferably has a refractive index of less than 2.2.
    [0047] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each functional layer includes a second adaptation layer, which is arranged on the electrically conductive layer. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the foil strength of the electrically conductive coating.
    [0048] The first adaptation layer and / or the second adaptation layer preferably contains ZnOi-δ zinc oxide with 0 <δ <0.01. The first adaptation layer and / or the second adaptation layer preferably also contains dopants. The first adaptation layer and / or the second adaptation layer, for example, may contain zinc oxide doped with aluminum. Zinc oxide is preferably deposited sub-stoichiometrically in relation to oxygen to prevent an excess oxygen reaction with the silver-containing layer. The zinc oxide layer is preferably deposited by sputtering supported by a magnetic field. The target preferably contains from 85% by weight to 100% by weight of zinc oxide and 0% by weight to 15% by weight of aluminum as well as mixtures related to production. The target particularly preferably contains from 90% by weight to 95% by weight of zinc oxide and from 5% by weight to 10% by weight of aluminum as well as production-related mixtures. Alternatively, the target preferably contains 95% by weight to 99% by weight of zinc and 1% by weight to 5% by weight of aluminum, with the deposition of the layers occurring under the addition of oxygen as the reaction gas. The thickness of the layers of the first adaptation layer and the second adaptation layer are preferably from 3 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 4 nm to 12 nm.
    [0049] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, another anti-reflective layer is applied over the upper functional layer. The additional anti-reflective layer improves the optical properties of the electrically conductive coating and also protects the underlying layers against corrosion. In the context of the invention, the upper anti-reflective layer is then the anti-reflective layer, which is arranged over the functional layers. In the context of the invention, the lowest anti-reflective layer is the anti-reflective layer that has the minimum distance from the transparent substrate. The lowest anti-reflective layer is the anti-reflective layer of the lowest functional layer. The upper and lower anti-reflective layers are not disposed between the two electrically conductive layers. The upper and / or lower anti-reflective layers are preferably configured as a layer of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1. The top and / or bottom anti-reflective layers particularly preferably contain at least one mixed silicon / zirconium nitride, such as a mixed doped silicon / zirconium nitride with aluminum. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the optical properties of the transparent panel according to the invention. The upper and / or lower anti-reflective layers, however, can also contain a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1, for example, silicon nitride or tin oxide. The upper and / or lower anti-reflective layers, for example, can also include in each case a layer of a highly refractive optical material and a layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1. The layer thickness of the upper and lower anti-reflective layer is preferably from 20 nm to 40 nm. Particularly good results are thus obtained.
    [0050] In an advantageous embodiment of the transparent panel according to the invention, at least one functional layer includes at least one blocking layer. The blocking layer is in direct contact with the electrically conductive layer and is disposed immediately above or immediately below the electrically conductive layer. Thus, no other layer is disposed between the electrically conductive layer and the blocking layer. The functional layer can also include two blocking layers, preferably with a blocking layer disposed immediately above and a blocking layer disposed immediately below the electrically conductive layer. Most preferably, each functional layer includes at least one such blocking layer. The blocking layer preferably contains niobium, titanium, nickel, chromium, and / or alloys thereof, particularly preferably nickel-chromium alloys. The layer thickness of the blocking layer is preferably from 0.1 nm to 5 nm, particularly preferably from 0.1 nm to 2 nm. Thus, particularly good results are obtained. A blocking layer immediately below the electrically conductive layer serves, in particular, to stabilize the electrically conductive layer during heat treatment and to improve the optical quality of the electrically conductive coating. A blocking layer immediately above the electrically conductive layer prevents contact of the electrically sensitive conductive layer with the oxidizing reactive atmosphere during the deposition of the next layer by reactive sputtering, for example, the second adaptation layer, which preferably contains zinc oxide.
    [0051] The transparent substrate preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, calcium soda glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, methacrylate of polymethyl, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable types of glass are known from DE 697 31 268 T2, page 8, paragraph [0053].
    [0052] The thickness of the transparent substrate can vary widely and thus be ideally adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, panels with standard thicknesses from 1.0 mm to 25 mm and preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.6 mm are used. The size of the transparent substrate can vary widely and is determined by use according to the invention. The transparent substrate has, for example, in the automotive sector and in the architecture sector, usual areas of 200 cm2 up to 4 m2.
    [0053] The transparent substrate can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones such that, for example, it can be coated by sputtering. The transparent substrate is planar or light or enormously curved in one or a plurality of spatial directions. The transparent substrate can be colorless or dyed.
    [0054] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating contains two to four, in particular three functional layers. Particularly good results are thus obtained with respect to the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating as well as the optical properties and economical production of the transparent panel.
    [0055] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transparent substrate is connected by means of at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer to a second panel to form a composite panel. The electrically conductive coating according to the invention is preferably applied on the surface of the transparent substrate facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer. Thus, the electrically conductive coating is advantageously protected against damage and corrosion.
    [0056] The composite panel preferably has a total transmittance greater than 70%.
    The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains thermoplastic plastics, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or multiple layers thereof, preferably with thicknesses from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm.
    [0058] The second panel preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, calcium soda glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, methacrylate of polymethyl, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. The second panel preferably has a thickness of 1.0 mm to 25 mm and particularly preferably 1.4 mm to 2.6 mm.
    [0059] The electrically conductive coating preferably extends over the entire surface of the transparent substrate, minus a region free of coating similar to the circumferential matrix with a width of 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 5 mm to 10 mm. The coating-free region is preferably hermetically sealed by the thermoplastic intermediate layer or an acrylate adhesive as a vapor diffusion barrier. The electrically conductive corrosion-sensitive coating is protected against moisture and atmospheric oxygen by the vapor diffusion barrier. If the composite panel is provided as a motor vehicle window, for example, as a windshield, and if the electrically conductive coating is used as an electrically heated coating, the circumferential coating-free region also provides electrical insulation between the coating it carries the voltage and body of the motor vehicle.
    [0060] The transparent substrate can be free of coating in one or a plurality of other regions. Such regions, for example, can serve as data transmission windows or communication windows. In the other region without coating, the transparent panel is permeable to electromagnetic radiation and, in particular, to infrared radiation.
    [0061] The electrically conductive coating can be applied directly to the surface of the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the electrically conductive coating can be applied over a carrier film that is embedded between two intermediate layers. The carrier film preferably contains a thermoplastic polymer, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephlate (PET), or combinations thereof.
    [0062] The transparent substrate, for example, can also be connected to a second panel by means of spacers to form an insulating pane. The transparent substrate can also be connected to more than one other panel via the intermediate thermoplastic layers and / or spacers. If the transparent substrate is connected to one or a plurality of other panels, one or a plurality of these other panels can also have an electrically conductive coating.
    [0063] In a preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive coating according to the invention is an electrically heated coating. In this case, the electrically conductive coating is suitably electrically contacted.
    [0064] In another preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive coating according to the invention is a coating with reflective properties for the infrared range. For this, the electrically conductive coating does not need to be electrically contacted. In the context of the invention, "coating with reflective properties for the infrared range" is understood to mean, in particular, a coating that has a reflectance of at least 20% in the wavelength range from 1000 nm to 1600 nm. Preferably, the electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a reflectance greater than or equal to 50% in the wavelength range from 1000 nm to 1600 nm.
    [0065] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating is connected via collection conductors to a voltage source and a voltage applied to the electrically conductive coating preferably has a value of 12 V to 15 V. The conductors collection devices, called distribution bars, are used to transfer electrical energy. Examples of suitable distribution bars are known from DE 103 33 618 B3 and EP 0 025 755 B1.
    [0066] The distribution bars are advantageously produced by printing a conductive paste. If the transparent substrate is curved after the application of the electrically conductive coating, the conductive paste is preferably baked before the curvature and / or at the moment of the curvature of the transparent substrate. The conductive paste preferably contains silver particles and glass chips. The layer thickness of the cooked conductive paste is preferably from 5 μm to 20 μm.
    [0067] In an alternative embodiment, strips of thin and narrow metal sheets or metallic wires are used as distribution bars, which preferably contain copper and / or aluminum; in particular, strips of copper foil with a thickness of preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, for example, approximately 50 μm, are used. The width of the copper foil strips is preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm. The electrical contact between the electrically conductive coating and the distribution bar, for example, can be produced by welding or bonding with an electrically conductive adhesive. If the transparent substrate is part of a composite glass, the foil strips or metallic wires can be placed on the electrically conductive coating during the assembly of the composite layers. In the subsequent autoclave process, an electrical contact between the distribution bars and the coating is obtained through the action of heat and pressure.
    [0068] In the automotive sector, sheet conductors are commonly used as power lines to contact distribution bars inside composite panels. Examples of sheet conductors are described in DE 42 35 063 A1, DE 20 2004 019 286 U1, and DE 93 13 394 U1.
    [0069] Flexible sheet conductors, sometimes also called "flat conductors" or "flat strip conductors", are preferably manufactured from a tinned copper strip with a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm and a width from 2 mm to 16 mm. Copper has been shown to be successful for such conductive tracks, since it has good electrical conductivity as well as good processability in sheets. At the same time, material costs are low. Other electrically conductive materials that can be processed into sheets can also be used. Examples for this are aluminum, gold, silver, or tin and alloys thereof.
    [0070] For electrical insulation and stabilization, the tinned copper strip is applied over a carrier material made of plastic or laminated with it on both sides. The insulating material contains, as a rule, a film based on polyamide of 0.025 mm to 0.05 mm thick. Other plastics or materials with the required insulating properties can also be used. A plurality of electrically conductive layers isolated from each other can be located on a conductive sheet strip.
    [0071] The sheet conductors that are suitable for contacting electrically conductive layers in composite panels have a total thickness of only 0.3 mm. Such thin sheet conductors can easily be embedded in the intermediate thermoplastic layer between the individual panels.
    [0072] Alternatively, thin metallic wires can also be used as power lines. Metal wires contain, in particular, copper, tungsten, gold, silver, or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals. The alloys may also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium, or platinum.
    [0073] The invention further includes a method for producing a transparent panel with an electrically conductive coating, in which at least two functional layers are applied one after the other on a transparent substrate and applying each functional layer at least one after the other (the ) an anti-reflective layer, (b) a first adaptation layer, and (c) an electrically conductive layer are applied, and in which to apply at least one anti-reflective layer at least - a layer of a dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and - a layer of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1 is applied.
    [0074] In an advantageous embodiment, a second adaptation layer is applied after the electrically conductive layer is applied.
    [0075] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a smoothing layer is applied prior to the application of at least one first adaptation layer. In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, a blocking layer is applied before or after the application of at least one electrically conductive layer.
    [0076] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, another anti-reflective layer is applied after the application of the upper functional layer.
    [0077] The individual layers are deposited by methods known to you, for example, by sputtering supported by magnetic field. Sputtering occurs in an atmosphere of protective gas, for example, of argon, or in an atmosphere of reactive gas, for example, through the addition of oxygen or nitrogen.
    [0078] The layer thicknesses of the individual layers with the desired properties with respect to transmittance, sheet strength, and color values emerge for the person skilled in the art in a simple way through simulations in the range of layer thicknesses indicated above.
    [0079] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transparent substrate and a second panel are heated to a temperature of 500 ° C to 700 ° C and the transparent substrate and the second panel are congruently connected to a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The heating of the panel can occur within a process of curvature. The electrically conductive coating, in particular, must be suitable to withstand the bending process and / or the lamination process without damage. The properties, in particular, the sheet strength of the electrically conductive coating described above are regularly improved by heating.
    [0080] The electrically conductive coating can be connected to at least two distribution bars before heating the substrate.
    [0081] The invention further includes the use of the transparent panel according to the invention as a panel or as a component of a panel, in particular as a component of an insulating glazing or a composite panel, in buildings or in means of transport for travel by land, air, or water, in particular motor vehicles, for example, as a windshield, rear window, side window, and / or roof panel or as a component of a windshield, rear window, side window , and / or ceiling panel, in particular to heat a window and / or to reduce the heat of an internal space. The panel according to the invention is used, in particular, as a panel with reflective properties for the infrared range and / or as an electrically heated panel.
    [0082] In the following, the invention is explained in detail with reference to the exemplary drawings and embodiments. The drawings are a schematic representation and are not scaled. The drawings in no way restrict the invention.
    [0083] They represent: Fig. 1 is a cross section through a first embodiment of the transparent panel according to the invention with an electrically conductive coating, Fig. 2 is a cross section through another embodiment of the transparent panel according to the invention with an electrically conductive coating, Fig. 3 is a plan view of a transparent panel according to the invention as part of a composite panel, Fig. 4 is a cross section A-A ' through the composite panel of Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a detailed flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
    [0084] Fig. 1 represents a cross section through an embodiment of the transparent panel according to the invention with the transparent substrate 1 and the electrically conductive coating 2. The substrate 1 contains float glass and has a thickness of 2, 1 mm. The electrically conductive coating 2 comprises two functional layers 3 (3.1 and 3.2), which are arranged congruently on top of each other. Each functional layer 3 comprises - an anti-reflective layer 4 (4.1 and 4.2), - a first adaptation layer 6 (6.1 and 6.2) - an electrically conductive layer 7 (7.1 and 7.2), - a second adaptation layer 8 ( 8.1 and 8.2).
    [0085] The layers are arranged in the order indicated with increasing distance from the transparent substrate 1. Another anti-reflective layer 4.3 is arranged above the upper functional layer 3.2. The first adaptation layers6 as well as the secondary adaptation layers8 contain zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZnO: Al) and have layer thicknesses from 5 nm to 10 nm. The electrically conductive layers 7 contain silver and have layer thicknesses from 15 nm to 16 nm. The lower anti-reflective layer 4.1 as well as the upper anti-reflective layer 4.3 contain mixed silicon / zirconium nitride doped with aluminum (SiZrNx: Al) and have layer thicknesses from 28 nm to 40 nm.
    [0086] The anti-reflective layer 4.2 is disposed between the electrically conductive layers 7.1 and 7.2. The anti-reflective layer 4.2 comprises a layer of a 9.2 dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2. The layer of a 9.2 dielectric material contains silicon nitride and has a layer thickness of 46 nm. The layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 contains mixed silicon / zirconium nitride doped with aluminum (SiZrNx: Al) and has a layer thickness of 23 nm.
    [0087] By means of the embodiment according to the invention of the anti-reflective layer 4.2 disposed between two electrically conductive layers 7.1, 7.2, a reduction in the sheet strength of the electrically conductive coating 2 is advantageously obtained.
    [0088] Fig. 2 represents a cross section through another embodiment of the transparent panel according to the invention with the transparent substrate 1 and the electrically conductive coating 2. The substrate 1 contains float glass and has a thickness of 2 , 1 mm. The electrically conductive coating 2 comprises three functional layers 3 (3.1, 3.2, and 3.3), which are arranged congruently on top of each other. Each functional layer 3 comprises - an anti-reflective layer 4 (4.1, 4.2, and 4.3), - a smoothing layer 5 (5.1, 5.2, and 5.3), - a first adaptation layer 6 (6.1, 6.2 and 6.3) - an electrically conductive layer 7 (7.1, 7.2, and 7.3), - a blocking layer 11 (11.1, 11.2, and 11.3), and - a second adaptation layer 8 (8.1, 8.2, and 8.3).
    [0089] The layers are arranged in the order indicated with the increasing distance from the transparent substrate 1. Another anti-reflective layer 4.4 is arranged above the top functional layer 3.3. The smoothing layersx 5 contain mixed tin / zinc oxide doped with antimony (SnZnOx: Sb) and have layer thicknesses of 6 nm. The first adaptation layers6 as well as the secondary adaptation layers8 contain zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZnO: Al) and have layer thicknesses from 5 nm to 10 nm. The electrically conductive layers 7 contain silver and have layer thicknesses from 15 nm to 16 nm. The lower anti-reflection layer 4.1 as well as the upper anti-reflection layer 4.4 contain mixed silicon / zirconium nitride aluminum doped (SiZrNx: Al) and have layer thicknesses from 28 nm to 40 nm.
    [0090] The anti-reflective layer 4.2 is disposed between the electrically conductive layers 7.1 and 7.2. The anti-reflective layer 4.3 is arranged between the electrically conductive layers 7.2 and 7.3. The anti-reflective layers 4.2 and 4.3 in each case include a layer of a dielectric material 9 (9.2 and 9.3) with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10 (10.2 and 10.3). The layers of a dielectric material 9 contain silicon nitride and have layer thicknesses from 39 nm to 42 nm. The layers of a highly refractive optical material 10 contain mixed silicon / zirconium nitride doped with aluminum (SiZrNx: Al) and have layer thicknesses from 20 nm to 21 nm.
    [0091] The thickness of the layers of a highly refractive optical material 10.2, 10.3 is 33% to 67% of the thickness of this anti-reflective layer 4.2 or 4.3 which includes the respective layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 or 10.3.
    [0092] The individual layers of the electrically conductive coating 2 were deposited by cathode ray spraying. The target for the deposition of the adaptation layers6, 8 contained 92% by weight of zinc oxide (ZnO) and 8% by weight of aluminum. The target for the deposition of the smoothing layers 5 contained 68% by weight of tin, 30% by weight of zinc, and 2% by weight of antimony. The deposition occurred under the addition of oxygen as a reaction gas during sputtering. The target for the deposition of layers of a highly refractive optical material 10 as well as the upper and lower anti-reflective layer 4.1, 4.4 contained 52.9% by weight of silicon, 43.8% by weight of zirconium, and 3.3 % by weight of aluminum. The deposition occurred under the addition of nitrogen as a reaction gas during sputtering.
    [0093] By configuring the anti-reflective layers 4.2, 4.3 arranged between two electrically conductive layers 7, a reduction in the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating 2 is obtained. The smoothing layers 5 result in a further reduction in sheet strength and an improvement in transmittance. The blocking layers 11 protect the electrically conductive layers 7 during the deposition of the next layer by reactive sputtering.
    [0094] Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 each represent a detail of a transparent panel according to the invention as part of a composite panel. The composite panel is supplied as a windshield for a passenger car. The transparent substrate 1 is connected by means of a thermoplastic intermediate layer 17 to a second panel 12. Fig. 3 represents a plan view of the surface of the transparent substrate 1 facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The transparent substrate 1 is the panel facing the interior of the passenger car. The transparent substrate 1 and the second panel 12 contain float glass and are 2.1 mm thick each. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 17 contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm.
    [0095] An electrically conductive coating 2 is applied on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 17. The electrically conductive coating 2 is an electrically heated coating and, for this, it is electrically contacted. The electrically conductive coating 2 extends over the entire surface of the transparent substrate 1 minus a region free of coating similar to the circumferential matrix with a width b of 8 mm. The coating-free region serves for electrical insulation between the coating that carries the electrically conductive voltage 2 and the vehicle body. The coating-free region is hermetically sealed by gluing the intermediate layer 17 in order to protect the electrically conductive coating 2 against damage and corrosion.
    [0096] A distribution bar 13 is arranged for the electrical contact of the electrically conductive coating 2 in each case on the upper and lower outer edge of the transparent substrate 1. The distribution bars 13 were printed on the electrically conductive coating 2 using a paste. conductive and cooked silver. The layer thickness of the cooked silver paste is 15 μm. The distribution bars 13 are electrically conductively connected to the regions of the electrically conductive coating 2 which are located under them.
    [0097] The feed lines 16 are made of tinned copper sheets with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. Each supply line 16 is, in each case, welded to one of the distribution bars 13. The electrically conductive coating 2 is connected via the distribution bars 13 and the supply lines 16 to a voltage source 14. The supply source voltage 14 is the 14 V integrated voltage of a motor vehicle.
    [0098] A layer of opaque color with a width of 20 mm is applied equal to the matrix as a masking impression 15 on the second panel 12, on the edge of the surface facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 17. The masking impression 15 hides the filament of adhesive with which the composite panel is attached within the vehicle body. The masking print 15 serves both to protect the adhesive against UV radiation and to protect against premature aging of the adhesive. In addition, the distribution bars 13 and the supply lines 16 are hidden by the masking print 15.
    [0099] Fig. 4 represents a section along A-A 'through the composite panel of Fig. 3 in the region of the lower edge. The transparent substrate 1 with the electrically heated coating 2, the second panel 12, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 17, a distribution bar 13, and a feed line 16 as well as the masking impression 15 are observed.
    [00100] Fig. 5 represents a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a transparent panel with an electrically conductive coating (2). EXAMPLES
    [00101] Transparent panels according to the invention with an electrically conductive coating were produced. After coating the transparent substrates 1, the foil strength of the electrically conductive coating 2 was determined. The transparent substrates 1 provided with the electrically conductive coating 2 were then curved at a temperature of approximately 650 ° C. The curvature process lasted approximately 10 min. Then, each transparent substrate 1 was laminated with a second panel 12 similarly curved by means of a thermoplastic intermediate layer 17 at a temperature of approximately 140 ° C and a pressure of approximately 12 bar. The electrically conductive coating 2 was arranged facing the intermediate thermoplastic layer 17.
    [00102] The electrically conductive coating 2 included, in each case, three functional layers 3. The exact layer sequence with layer thicknesses and materials of Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
    [00103] In Example 1, the anti-reflective layer 4.2 included a layer of a 9.2 dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 was 33.3% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.2. The anti-reflective layer 4.3 included only one layer of a 9.3 dielectric material. Only the lowest functional layer 3.1 had a smoothing layer 5.1. A blocking layer 11 was disposed above each electrically conductive layer 7.
    [00104] In Example 2, the anti-reflective layer 4.2 included a layer of a 9.2 dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 was 66.7% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.2. The anti-reflective layer 4.3 included only one layer of a 9.3 dielectric material. Only the lowest functional layer 3.1 had a smoothing layer 5.1. A blocking layer 11 was disposed above each electrically conductive layer 7.
    [00105] In Example 3, the anti-reflective layer 4.2 included a layer of a 9.2 dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 was 33.3% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.2. The anti-reflective layer 4.3 also included a layer of a 9.3 dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.3. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.3 was 33.9% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.3. Each functional layer 3 had a smoothing layer 5. A blocking layer 11 was arranged above each electrically conductive layer 7. The layer structure of the electrically conductive coating 2 of Example 3 corresponds to the layer structure of Fig. 2. Table 1


    [00106] The measured values for squared sheet strength before and after heat treatment are summarized in Table 3. Comparative Example
    [00107] The comparative example was performed exactly the same as the Examples. The difference was in the electrically conductive coating 2. The anti-reflective layers arranged between two electrically conductive layers included, in each case, only one dielectric layer. Such dielectric layers based on silicon nitride are known according to the prior art. For better comparability with Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention, the upper and lower anti-reflective layers contained aluminum doped silicon-zirconium nitride. For better comparability with Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention, a blocking layer containing NiCr was placed above each electrically conductive layer and the lowest functional layer included a smoothing layer containing mixed tin / zinc oxide doped with antimony. The layer thicknesses of the electrically conductive layers, which contain silver, were selected exactly as in Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention. The exact layer sequence with layer thicknesses and materials of the Comparative Example is shown in Table 2.
    [00108] The measured values for squared sheet strength before and after heat treatment are summarized in Table 3. Table 2

    Table 3

    [00109] Example 1 differs from the Comparative Example by configuring the anti-reflective layer 4.2 of the second functional layer 3.2. In the Comparative Example, this anti-reflective layer included a layer containing silicon nitride, whereas the anti-reflective layer 4.2 in Example 1 according to the invention included a layer of a 9.2 dielectric material containing silicon nitride and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 containing aluminum doped silicon / zirconium nitride. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 was approximately 33.3% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.2. In Example 1 according to the invention, the squared sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating 2 was surprisingly already reduced by 9% before the heat treatment compared to the Comparative Example. The heat treatment resulted in an additional reduction in the resistance of the squared sheet. After heat treatment and lamination, the squared sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating 2 in Example 1 according to the invention was reduced by 12% compared to the Comparative Example.
    [00110] The embodiment according to the invention at least one anti-reflective layer has resulted, with the layer structure of the electrically conductive coating 2 otherwise identical, in a reduction of the squared sheet strength. This result was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art.
    [00111] Example 2 according to the invention differs from Example 1 in that the thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10 was approximately 66.7% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.2. Before and after heat treatment, values similar to those in Example 1 were observed for the squared sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating 2. An increase in the fraction of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 in the anti-reflective layer 4.2 so no resulted in another substantial reduction in squared sheet strength. The mere presence of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10 appears necessary for the reduction of the squared sheet strength of the electrically conductive coating 2 compared to the Comparative Example. This result was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art.
    [00112] In Example 3, each anti-reflective layer 4.2, 4.3 disposed between two electrically conductive layers 7 included a layer of a dielectric material 9.2, 9.3 containing silicon nitride and a layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2, 10.3 which contains aluminum doped silicon / zirconium nitride. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.2 was approximately 33.3% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.2. The thickness of the layer of a highly refractive optical material 10.3 was approximately 33.9% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer 4.3. In addition, in Example 3, each functional layer 3 includes a smoothing layer 5. In Example 3, the squared sheet strength of the electrically conductive coating 2 has been significantly reduced compared to Examples 1 and 2 as well as the Comparative Example. Compared to the Comparative Example, the squared sheet strength was reduced by 15% before heat treatment and by 19% after heat treatment.
    [00113] The embodiments according to the invention of electrically conductive coatings 2 in Examples 1 to 3 resulted in a reduction in the sheet strength of conductive coating 2 compared to the Comparative Example according to the prior art. A lower squared sheet resistance results in an improved specific heat capacity P, which results from P = U2 / (Squared * h2).
    [00114] The total transmittance through the transparent panels according to the invention was greater than 70% after heat treatment. The color values in the L * a * b * color space were favorable. The transparent panel according to the invention meets the legal requirements regarding transmittance and neutral coloring and can be used as a glazing of the motor vehicle.
    [00115] In other experiments with electrically conductive coatings 2 according to the invention that include three electrically conductive layers 7, it has been demonstrated that sheet resistances up to a minimum of approximately 0.4 ohm / square can be obtained with a transmittance through of the transparent panel greater than 70%. Reference Character List: (1) transparent substrate (2) electrically conductive coating (3) functional layer (3.1), (3.2), (3.3) first, second, third functional layers (4) anti-reflective layer (4.1) , (4.2), (4.3), (4.4) first, second, third, fourth anti-reflective layers (5) smoothing layer (5.1), (5.2), (5.3) first, second, third smoothing layers (6 ) first adaptation layer (6. (1) 6.2), (6.3) first, second, third of the first adaptation layer (7) electrically conductive layer (7. (1) (7.2), (7.3) first, second, third electrically conductive layers (8) second adaptation layer (8. (1) (8.2), (8.3) first, second, third of the second adaptation layer (9) layer of a dielectric material (9. (2) (9.3 ) first, second layers of a dielectric material (10) layer of a highly refractive optical material (10. (2) (10.3) first, second layers of a highly refractive optical material (11) blocking layer (11 . (1) (11.2), (11.3) first, second, third blocking layers (12) second panel (13) distribution bar (14) voltage source (15) masking print (16) power line (17) thermoplastic intermediate layer the width of the masking region in (15) b width of the region without coating A-A 'section line
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [0001]
    1. Transparent motor vehicle panel, comprising at least one transparent substrate (1) and at least one electrically conductive coating (2) on at least one surface of the transparent substrate (1), wherein - the electrically conductive coating (2) it has at least two functional layers (3) arranged on top of each other, and each functional layer (3) comprises at least one anti-reflective layer (4), the one above the anti-reflective layer (4), a first layer adaptation layer (6), and the one above the first adaptation layer (6), an electrically conductive layer (7), characterized by the fact that at least one anti-reflective layer (4) disposed between two electrically conductive layers (7) , comprises at least one layer of a dielectric material (9) with a refractive index less than 2.1, and one layer of a highly refractive optical material (10) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2, 1.
    [0002]
    2. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the electrically conductive coating (2) is an electrically heated coating.
    [0003]
    3. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the electrically conductive coating (2) is a coating with reflective properties for the infrared range.
    [0004]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that another anti-reflective layer (4) is arranged above the upper functional layer (3).
    [0005]
    5. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the upper and lower anti-reflective layer (4) are configured as layers of a highly refractive optical material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1 and preferably contains at least one mixed silicon / metal nitride, particularly preferably a mixed silicon / zirconium nitride, such as mixed silicon / zirconium nitride doped with aluminum.
    [0006]
    6. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the layer thickness of a highly refractive optical material (10) is 10% to 99%, preferably 25% at 75% of the thickness of the anti-reflective layer (4) which includes the layer of a highly refractive optical material (10).
    [0007]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each anti-reflective layer (4) disposed between two electrically conductive layers (7) includes at least one layer of a material dielectric (9) with a refractive index less than 2.1 and a layer of a highly refractive optical material (10) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1.
    [0008]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickness of the anti-reflective layers (4) arranged between two electrically conductive layers (7) is from 35 nm to 70 nm, preferably from 45 nm to 60 nm.
    [0009]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layer of a highly refractive optical material (10) contains at least one mixed silicon / metal nitride, particularly A mixed silicon / zirconium nitride is preferable, such as mixed silicon / zirconium nitride doped with aluminum.
    [0010]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the layer of a dielectric material (9) contains at least silicon nitride.
    [0011]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each functional layer (3) above the electrically conductive layer (7) includes a second adaptation layer (8).
    [0012]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the electrically conductive coating (2) includes at least one smoothing layer (5) which is arranged below one of the first adaptation layers (6) and where, preferably, each functional layer (3) includes a smoothing layer (5) below the first adaptation layer (6).
    [0013]
    13. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to claim 12, characterized in that the smoothing layer (5) contains at least one non-crystalline oxide, preferably a non-crystalline mixed oxide, particularly preferably a mixed oxide tin / zinc oxide, such as mixed tin / zinc oxide doped with antimony and preferably has a layer thickness of 3 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably 4 nm to 12 nm.
    [0014]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer (7) contains at least silver or an alloy containing silver and preferably has a layer thickness of 8 nm to 25 nm.
    [0015]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the first dapaction layer (6) and / or the second adaptation layer (8) contains znO1- zinc oxide δ with 0 <δ <0.01, such as zinc oxide doped with aluminum and preferably has a thickness of 3 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably 4 nm to 12 nm.
    [0016]
    Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one functional layer (3), preferably each functional layer (3), includes at least one blocking layer (11 ), which is disposed immediately above and / or immediately below the electrically conductive layer (7) and which preferably contains at least niobium, titanium, nickel, chromium, or alloys thereof, particularly preferably nickel-chromium alloys, and which preferably it has a layer thickness of 0.1 nm to 2 nm.
    [0017]
    17. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the electrically conductive coating (2) has a foil resistance of less than 1 ohm / square, preferably 0, 4 ohm / square to 0.9 ohm / square.
    [0018]
    18. Transparent motor vehicle panel according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the transparent substrate (1) is connected to a second panel (12) by means of at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer ( 17) to form a composite panel and wherein the total transmittance of the composite panel is preferably greater than 70%.
    [0019]
    19. Method for producing a transparent electrically conductive motor vehicle panel (2) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that at least two functional layers (3) are applied one after the other on a transparent substrate (1) and to apply each functional layer (3) one after the other at least (a) an anti-reflective layer (4), (b) a first adaptation layer (6), and (c) a electrically conductive layer (7) are applied, and in which to apply at least one anti-reflective layer (4) at least - a layer of a dielectric material (9) with a refractive index less than 2.1 and - a layer of a highly refractive optical material (10) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1 are applied.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2015507600A|2015-03-12|
    WO2013104439A1|2013-07-18|
    PT2803245T|2017-05-22|
    CN104025704A|2014-09-03|
    EA201491350A1|2014-10-30|
    MX2014008356A|2014-10-06|
    EP2803245A1|2014-11-19|
    EA027187B1|2017-06-30|
    KR101589854B1|2016-01-28|
    ES2621478T3|2017-07-04|
    PL2803245T3|2017-08-31|
    CN104025704B|2016-10-12|
    KR20140099548A|2014-08-12|
    JP5847334B2|2016-01-20|
    US9215760B2|2015-12-15|
    BR112014011760A2|2017-05-02|
    US20140319116A1|2014-10-30|
    EP2803245B1|2017-03-08|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-01| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-29| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-19| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 04/10/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12150546.5|2012-01-10|
    EP12150546|2012-01-10|
    PCT/EP2012/069567|WO2013104439A1|2012-01-10|2012-10-04|Transparent pane with electrically conductive coating|
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